Verb Tense 动词的时态

动词的状态

一般状态（Simple）：一般，没有具体说明、表中性的、实事陈述

• 兔子吃胡萝卜、太阳从东边升起、你喜欢她

进行状态（Continuous）：正在做的

• 这兔子正在吃着胡萝卜

完成状态（Perfect）：已经做完了的

• 这兔子吃掉了胡萝卜

完成进行状态（Perfect Continuous）：不但已经完成了的，还要继续进行的

• 这兔子从早上就开始吃胡萝卜，现在还没停呢

状态结合时间，总共可以出现16种时态

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	am/is/are + done/do	am/is/are + doing	have/has + done	have/has + been + doing
Past	was/were + did	was/were + doing	had + done	had + been + doing
Future	am/is/are + going to + do will/shall + do	will + be + doing	will + have + done	will + have + been + doing
Past future	was/were + going to + do would/shall + do	would + be + doing	would + have + done	would + have + been + doing

动词的变位含义：

• do（表示动词原型）
• does（表示动词的第三人称单数）
• doing（表示动词的现在分词）
• done（表示动词的过去分词）（表示动作已经完成、被动语态）
• did（表示动词的过去式）（表示过去某个时间发生的动作）

现在时（Present tense）

一般现在时

一般用于描述习惯、事实和普遍真理。

当表示习惯性动作，往往与频度副词连用，如often，always, sometimes, never等

结构：动词原型

• The sun rises in the east.

• I eat carrots. 我吃胡萝卜

结构：动词原型+s（第三人称单数时）

• She eats carrots. 她吃胡萝卜
• She reads books every day.

现在进行时态

用于描述正在进行的动作、正在发生的事件，往往与now, just, stll等副词连用

结构：am/are/is + 动词的现在分词

• I am eating a carrot. 我正在吃一跟胡萝卜

• You are eating a carrot. 你正在吃一根胡萝卜

• He is eating a carrot. 他正在吃一根胡萝卜

现在完成时态

用于描述过去发生的动作对现在的影响

结构： have/has + 动词的过去分词

• I have lost my keys. (现在还没找到)
• The rabbit has eaten a carrot. 这兔子吃了一根胡萝卜

现在完成进行时态

表示已经完成了还在继续

结构： have/has + been + 动词的现在分词

• She has been reading for two hours.
• The rabbit has been eating carrots. 这兔子一直在吃胡萝卜

过去时（Past tense）

一般过去时

通常表示过去发生的，而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。

常与表明事情何时发生的状语（last summer, last winter, last week, last night）连用

因此，过去时与表明事情何时发生的状语连用是非常重要的。

结构：动词过去式

• The rabbit ate carrots. 兔子吃胡萝卜

过去进行时态

在过去某个节点正在发生的

结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词

• I was watching TV at 8 PM yesterday.
• I was playing football at seven o'clock in the morning.
• The rabbit was/were eating a carrot. 这兔子正在吃一根胡萝卜

过去完成时态

在过去某个节点已经发生的

结构：had + 动词的过去分词

• The rabbit had eaten a carrot. 这兔子吃了一根胡萝卜

过去完成进行时态

在过去某个节点已经发生一段时间还在继续

结构：hed + been + 动词的现在分词

• The rabbit hed been eating carrots. 这兔子一直在吃胡萝卜
• She had been reading for an hour before dinner.
• They had been studying for hours before the test.

将来时（Future tense）

一般将来时态

用于描述将来会发生的动作或状态

结构：will + 动词原型

• The sun will rise again tomorrow. 太阳明天也会照常升起
• We will succeed if we work hard. 如果我们努力，我们会成功的。
• I will call you as soon as I get home. 我到家后会马上给你打电话。

结构：am/are/is + going to + 动词原型

• I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 我这个周末要去看望我的祖父母。
• They are going to watch a movie tonight. 他们今晚打算看电影。

结构：am/are/is + about to + 动词原型

• She is about to leave for the airport. 她即将前往机场。
• The train is about to arrive at the station. 火车即将到站。

结构：am/are/is + to + 动词原型

• The president is to meet the delegates tomorrow. 总统将于明天会见代表团。
• The event is to start at 10 a.m. sharp. 活动将在上午十点准时开始。

将来进行时态

在将来的某个时间，某个动作是在进行的过程中

结构：will + be + 动词的现在分词

• I will be eating a carrot for lunch tomorrow. 我明天午饭要吃胡萝卜
• She will be reading a book at this time tomorrow.

将来完成时态

用于描述在将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作

结构：will + have + 动词的过去分词

• The rabbit will have eaten a carrot. 兔子会吃掉一根胡萝卜
• She will have read that book by next week.

将来完成进行时态

用于描述在将来某一时间之前已经进行了一段时间的动作。

结构：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词

• The rabbit will have been eating carrots. 这兔子会一直在吃胡萝卜
• She will have been reading for three hours by the time you arrive.
• I will have been studying for five years by next year.

过去将来时（Past future tense）

通常出现在从句，它描述的是过去视角中的“未来”。

比如上周三的明天，就是上周四，过去的未来时。

一般过去将来时态

结构：was/were + going to + 动词原型

结构：was/were + about to + 动词原型

结构：was/were + to + 动词原型

结构：would + 动词原型

• I said I would eat a carrot for lunch. 我（之前）说过我午饭要吃胡萝卜
• We knew it would rain later that day. 我们知道那天下午会下雨。

过去将来进行时态

结构：would + be + 动词的现在分词

• I thought we would be traveling by now. 我以为我们现在应该在旅途中。

• They said they would be working late tonight. 他们说今晚会工作到很晚。

将来完成时态

结构：would + have + 动词的过去分词

• By the time you arrived, I would have finished my dinner. 在你到之前，我晚饭应该已经吃完了。

• She would have completed the project if she had more time. 如果她有更多时间，她本该完成这个项目了。

将来完成进行时态

结构：would + have + been + 动词的现在分词

• By the end of the year, I would have been working here for five years. 到今年年底，我将在这里工作五年了。

• He said he would have been studying for hours by the time the exam started. 他说考试开始时他会已经复习好几个小时了。