Baizer

Basci Sentence Patterns ​

AI Copilot ​

Introduction ​

形容词只修饰名词，副词修饰其它的词（通常修饰动词）

区分表目的的 to/for：

  • to + 动词 (Verb) → 表示目的为一个动作

  • for + 名词 (Noun) → 表示目的为一个事物或事件

  • We need to find a time to meet.

  • We need to find a time for a meeting.

介词（介词词组）：后面只能出现名词（动名词）

  • 注意：to也可做介词，表示方向、关系、接收者等，此时后面就是跟名词而不是动词了

副词的位置：实义动词前、助动词/情态动词后、be动词后

  • 主要是频率副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, never 等）的位置规则

  • 时间、地点副词通常放在句末

  • 程度副词位置更灵活：I completely forgot. / I forgot completely.

感官动词（look,smell,taste,sound,feel）：作系动词时，后面要跟形容词

双宾语的位置：间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，也可以对调，但是需要借助介词 to 或者 for

  • 通常是人在前，物在后，此时可以省略介词。当反过来时则必须增加介词

可数名词：表达单数时用不定冠词（a,an），表达复数时后面加s

冠词的使用：修饰名词

  • 单数、可数名词前必须要加 a/an，表示泛指
  • 表示特指时，都可以用 the

不可数名词：不能加 a/an，不能加 s，用 some/much/a lot of 等修饰

主谓一致：（simply-version：一般现在时中，当主语是单数时，动词用三单，情态动词除外）

  • 主语为复数时，动词用复数（动词的复数形式其实就是动词原型）
  • 主语为单数时，动词用三单（加-s/es）
  • 有情态动词时（can/may/must等） ，动词用原形（无视主语单复数）

翻译技巧：如果中文句子里没有明确的谓语，那么谓语就是隐藏的“是”，并且“是”后面的内容多半是形容词。

怎么使用定语从句和名词从句？

  • 想用一个句子 修饰 先行词就用定语从句
  • 想用一个句子 充当/代替 主句中的 主语/宾语/表语/同位语 时，就用名词性从句

英语中表达“A的B”主要有三种方式（优先考虑 拼接名词）

  • 当表达 A是B 的种类、用途或材料时，无需用 of 或 's，直接将两个名词拼接即可。（Job opportunity）

  • ’s 所有格：人、动物、时间（Tom's car）

  • of 所有格：物体归属、抽象概念（The end of the movie）

句型分析：

  • 分句型，找主干（有动作就是主谓宾，否则就是主系表）

  • 看时态

  • 定语：用于修饰名词， 短定语放前面，长定语放后面。

  • 状语：用于修饰动词，顺序：方式、地点、时间

一、基本句型 ​

主 + 系 + 表 ​

表示“主语是什么”或“主语怎么样”，表语用来描述主语的特征或状态

常见be动词：am / is / are / was / were / be / been / being

表示“感官”的系动词：look（看起来）/sound（听起来）/smell（闻起来）/taste（尝起来）/feel（感觉起来）

  • 感官动词（look,smell,taste,sound,feel）作系动词时，后面要根据形容词

表示“变化”或“结果”的系动词：become（变得）/get（变得）/grow（变得）/turn（变成）/go（变坏）/come（变得）

表示“保持”或“继续”的状态：stay（保持）/remain（仍然）

  • The sky is blue.
  • She looks tired
  • My dream is to be a writer.
  • We are Chinese.
  • The teacher is beautiful.

主 + 谓 + 宾 ​

表示“谁/什么做了什么”，宾语是动作的承受者。

  • I love you. (我爱你。)
  • She reads a book. (她读一本书。)
  • They are playing football. (他们在踢足球。)

主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 ​

主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)，表示“谁/什么给某人某物”。

常见双宾语动词：give,show,send,bring,lend,tell,return,write,pay,teach,make,buy,find

  • He bought me a flower. (他给我买了一朵花。)
  • My father told me a story. (我父亲给我讲了一个故事。)

He gives me a pen.

My colleague shows me his job responsibilities.

I bring my friend some fruit.

I lend my best friend some money.

I return an umbrella to the company.

His supervisor writes him a letter of recommendation.

I paid for the order for her.

I teach my classmate coding.

A few years ago, I bought my mother a phone.

She send me a message.

间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可以对调，但是需要借助介词 to 或者 for

to ：表示将某物传递/给予某人 （强调动作的转移 ）。

for ：表示为某人做某事/买某物 （强调动作的目的 或利益 ）。

  • Her father bought her a bicycle

    • Her father bought a bicycle for her

  • The old man is telling the children stories

    • The old man is telling stories to the children

A few years ago, I bought a phone for my mother.

She send a message to me.

主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补 ​

表示“谁/什么让宾语怎么样”，宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态或身份。

  • The news made him happy.
  • The boy makes me happy.
  • We call him "the Doctor".
  • I found the book very interesting.
  • She found the pen on the floor.

Today,the weather makes me feel anxious.

I worry that the weather is getting worse.

My parents named me Baizer.

There be 句型 ​

表示 时间、空间 存在某种事物

There is：单数可数名词、不可数名词时使用；There are ：复数可数名词时使用

  • There is a teacher in the classroom（教室里有一个老师）
  • There is a class in the afternoon（下午有一节课）
  • There are three apples on the table（桌子上面有三个苹果）
  • There was an accident（这里发生了事故）
  • There is a phone on the desk.
  • There are Bluetooth headsets on the desk.
  • There are two boxes of bottled water which were received yesterday.

There 不及物动词

  • There lived an old king in the castle. 城堡里住着一位老国王。
  • There exists no such thing. 不存在这种事。
  • There arose a great cheer from the crowd. 人群中爆发出巨大的欢呼声。

  • There exist two boxes of bottled water.

  • There lived a lot of unfortunate people.

  • There remains a problem to solve.

  • There occurred a serious accident.

变疑问句：将动词 be 和 there 互换位置即可

  • Are there any ties on the floor?
  • Is there a dirty fork on the plate?
  • Is there a phone on the desk?
  • Are there Bluetooth headsets on the desk?

二、添加修饰：定语和状语 ​

定语 (Adjective) ​

修饰名词或代词，说明“什么样的”。常为形容词。短定语放前面，长定语放后面。

The girl is reading a book.

  • The little girl is reading an interesting book. (那个小女孩在读一本有趣的书。)

I am drinking water.

  • I am drinking warm water.

He turns on the air conditioner.

  • He turns on the old air conditioner.

We are watching TV.

  • We are watching a high-definition TV.

状语 (Adverbial) ​

修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明动作发生的“方式、地点、时间、程度、原因、目的、条件”等

1. 时间状语 (when) ​

常见介词：at, on, in, before, after, during

At [具体时间], S V … ：具体的“时间点”，时刻（几点几分）

  • At 7 o’clock, I started the meeting.
  • At midnight, they finished the project.
  • At 2 o' clock, I will go back to the rented house.
  • At 2 p.m., I will move house.
  • At 2 a.m., I will move house.
  • At 7:00 a.m., I need to go the house and unlock it.
  • At 8:30 a.m., I have to go open up the house.
  • At midnight, we take the elevator to the third floor for dinner.
    • midnight：凌晨12点
  • At noon, someone prepares the lottery.
    • noon：中午12点

On [星期几/具体日期], S V … ：具体的某一天（包括带有“星期几”、“具体日期”、“节日的某一天”）

  • On Fridays, I attend an online yoga class.
  • On July 4th, we enjoy fireworks.
  • On Friday, I have a task，which is move house.
  • On Thursday, I have to move house.
  • On August 1sh, I need to apply for days off.
  • On National Day, we watch the military parade on TV together.

In the [时间段], S V … ：较长时间范围（月份、年份、世纪、某段时间）

  • In the morning, she practices the piano.
  • In the evening, we watch movies together.
  • I’ll call you in the afternoon.
  • They like to read books in the evening.
  • In the morning, I go to the rented house to measure the length of the desk.
  • In the morning, I head to the rented house to measure the desk's length.
  • I moved house twice in 2025.
  • In August, my workload will be light.
  • My workload will decrease in Auguest.

at once（立刻）:常用于比较紧急的命令或请求，可能给人一种强迫的感觉（更温和的表达：immediately、right away）

  • Please come here at once!
  • Please learn English at once!
  • Start work at once!
  • Drink water at once!

at the same time（同时）

  • He laughed and cried at the same time.
  • He is working and learning at the same time.
  • I watch videos and drink tea at the same time.
    • I often watch videos and drink tea simultaneously.
    • I am watching videos and drinking tea at the same time.
  • My friend watches live streams and writes code with Gemini CLI at the same time.

After [事件], S V …

  • After dinner, we went for a walk.
  • After the rain stopped, children ran outside.
  • After moveing house, I should sleep well.
  • After work, I need to buy some cleaning tools and vegetables for breakfast.
  • After eating lunch, I have to call phone to apply for opening natural gas.
    • have to表示必须做，need to表示有必要做
  • After eating lunch , I need to call the gas company to active the natural gas service.

During [节假日/月份/学期], S V …（在……期间）

  • During the winter break, she visited her cousins in Canada.
  • During exam week, students study late into the night.
  • During August, I will have to move house.
  • During the second half of the year, I need to learn hard and prepare for the IELTS exam.
  • During the weekend, if it doesn't rain I want to visit my mother.

2. 地点状语 (where) ​

常见介词：in, on, at, under, over, behind, between, next to, beside, in front of

In the [地点], S V …（在……里面）

  • In the park, children play happily.
  • In the library, she reads quietly.
  • In the park, I am running.
  • In Yuehai Park, I run every day.
  • In the rented house, I study hard.

On the [表面/街道], S V …（在……表面 / 街道上）

  • On the street, people walk their dogs.
  • On the wall, a painting hangs
  • On the street, two men quarreled last night.
  • Two men quereled for dinner on the street last night.
  • On the wall, a mirror hangs.
  • On the bed, I placed two pillows.
  • I put two pillows on the bed.

At the [具体地点], S V …（在……具体地点）

  • At the bus stop, she waits for the next coach.
  • At the station, we boarded the train.
  • There’s a café at the corner of this street.
  • At the gym, I only use the treadmill.
  • I am studying English at my workstation.
  • At the subway station, I often use the BaiCiZhan app to memorize words.
  • At the subway station, I often memorize words with the BaiCiZhan app.

Under the [地点], S V …（在……下面）

  • Under the tree, kids enjoy a picnic.
  • Under the bridge, fishermen cast nets.
  • Under the bed, people usually place storage boxes.
  • Under my bed, I often put some boxes with clothes.
  • Under my bed, I often put some boxes full of clothes.

Over the [地点], S V …（在……上方 / 越过……）

  • Over the bridge, the view is breathtaking.
  • Over the city, the plane flew at low altitude.
  • Over the building, many birds flew.
  • Many birds flew over the building.
  • Over the village, a helicopter sometime flies.

Behind the [地点], S V …（在……后面）

  • Behind the sofa, the cat is hiding.
  • Behind the curtain, she peeks out.
  • The cat is hiding behind the sofa.
  • Behind the rented house, a barbershop is opening.
  • Behind the computer desk, there is a cupboard.

Between [A] and [B], S V …（在 A 和 B 之间）

  • Between the two buildings, there is a small alley.
  • Between her work and family, she balances both.
  • The bank is between the post office and the library.
  • Between the shop and the restaurant, there's a little small alley.
  • Between mental health and physical health, I balance both.
  • Between mental health and physical health, I try to balance both.
  • Walmart is between the aquarium and the restaurant.
  • Walmart is located between the city aquarium and a popular restaurant.

Next to [X], S V …（紧挨着 / 紧靠着 / 在……旁边） ：比beside更近

  • Next to the supermarket, a new café opened.
  • Next to him, his sister sat quietly.
  • My house is next to a supermarket.
  • Next to the restaurant, there is a Cainiao station.
  • My seat is next to my leader's.
  • My bed is next to the cabinet..

Beside [X], S V …（在……旁边）

  • Beside the river, they set up a tent.
  • Beside the road, wildflowers bloom.
  • She sat beside her best friend.
  • Beside the subway station, there is a community service center.
  • Beside the bus station, pedestrians are often in a hurry.
  • I sit beside my hardworking leader.

In front of [X], S V …（在……前面）

  • In front of the school, parents gather to pick up children.
  • In front of the mirror, she practices makeup.
  • The car stopped in front of the school.
  • In front of my colleague, I am learning English.
  • In front of my company, a branch of Mercedes-Benz is located.
  • My phone is in front of the laptop.

On the left of [X], S V …

  • On the left of the museum, there is a gift shop.
  • On the left of the stage, the lights flicker.

  • On the left of the laptop, there is a pair of earplugs.

  • On the left of the laptop, there are two earplugs.

  • On the left of the keyboard, a touchpad is located.

On the right of [X], S V …

  • On the right of the theatre, a parking lot is available.
  • On the right of the building, ivy climbs the wall.
  • On the right of my company, there are a lot of apartments.
  • On the right of my laptop, there is a small fan.

on the left / on the right（在左边/右边）

  • The pharmacy is on the left.
  • The museum is on the right.
  • A branch of Mercedes-Benz is on the left.
  • The Mercedes-Benz branch is on the left.
  • My leader's seat is on the left.
  • The seat of my leader is on the left.
  • A number of coworkers sit on the right.

3. 方式状语 (how) ​

常见介词/短语：with, by, on, using

S V with [方式（名词）].（以……方式、带着……情绪 / 态度 / 特征）

  • She greeted me with a smile.
  • He spoke with anger.
  • He responded with enthusiasm.
  • He spoke with confidence during the presentation.
  • Please handle the glassware with care.
  • I am learning English with seriousness.
  • He apologized with sincerity.

S V by [交通工具/方法].（通过……方式、用……手段、由于……原因）

  • He travels to work by bike.
  • She sends packages by courier.
  • I sent the email to John by mistake.
  • I met my old teacher by chance in the mall.

  • I go to work by subway every day.

  • I used to go to work by bus.

  • I want to send my gaming chair to my hometown by courier.

  • I want to ship my gaming chair back home by courier.

  • A few days ago, I committed the code to the remote repository by mistake.

  • I met my supervisor by chance in the subway station.

S V on [方式].（基于、出于）

  • He broke the vase on purpose.
  • She acted on impulse.
  • He stays healthy on purpose.
  • He keeps healthy habits on purpose.
  • I rent the house on impulse.
  • He runs out of the house on impulse.

S V using [工具/方法].（用、利用、使用、借助）

  • She edited the photo using Photoshop.
  • He fixed the leak using tape.
  • He learns English using his laptop.
  • He learns English using a laptop and online resources.
  • He writes code using IntelliJ IDEA.
  • I record running data using my phone.
  • I record my running data using a fitness app on my phone.

4. 程度状语 (degree) ​

常见结构：at least, at most, in part, to some extent, by far, far too, just, almost

S V at least [数量/程度].（至少）

  • You need to sleep at least eight hours.
  • She eats at least two servings of vegetables daily.
  • I run in the park at least three times a week.
  • He drinks tea at least twice a day.
  • He has tea at least two or three times every day.
  • He runs at least once on the weekend.

S V at most [数量/程度].（最多）

  • He scored at most 90 points on the test.
  • The box can hold at most ten books.
  • I run in the park at most four times a week.
  • A serving of tea can be brewed at most two times.
  • The box can hold at most twenty items of clothing.

S V in part [原因].（部分地）

  • The success was in part due to her hard work.
  • The delay was in part because of traffic.
  • The failure is in part due to his lack of offort.
  • I have a healthy body in part due to I often running.
  • The project failure was in part due to the project manager being frequently changed.

S V to some extent [评价].（在某种程度上）

  • I agree with you to some extent.
  • She found the task challenging to some extent.
  • I agree with your view to some extent.
  • You can do it to some extent, but it might be challenging.
  • It is achievable to some extent.
  • This will increate your success rate to some extent.

S V by far [最高级/比较级] ...（远远地，非常）

  • This is by far the best movie I’ve seen this year.
  • This is by far his best performance yet.
  • This is by far the best Bluetooth headset I have bought in the past few years.
  • This is by far my best performance yet.
  • The house I rented recently is by far the most cost-effective one.

S V just about ...（刚刚，差不多、快要）：表示某事即将完成，但还没完全完成。

be + just about + 形容词

  • I’m just about ready to go.
  • I’m just about finished with my homework.
  • I am just about finished with this project.
  • He just woke up because it was hot.

almost（几乎）：强调某事几乎发生了但最后没有发生。（过去时）

  • We almost missed the train.
  • I almost forgot your birthday!
  • She almost cried when she heard the news.
  • I am almost done with this project.
  • My body has almost recovered.
  • The man was almost successful.
  • I almost bought Bilibili's VIP service.

5. 原因状语 (reason) ​

常见介词：because of, due to, thanks to, owing to

S V Because of [原因]（因为）

because of：是一个介词短语，其后跟名词、代词或名词短语。

because： 是一个连词，其后跟一个完整的句子

  • We stayed home because of the rain.
  • They left early because of the storm.
  • I stayed in rented house because of the weekend.
  • I wear a mesk at the workstation because of the pungent smell.
  • I was very hot last night because of the lack of air conditioning.

S V Due to [原因]（由于）

due to：是一个介词短语，其后跟名词、代词或名词短语。

  • The flight was canceled due to heavy fog.
  • The event was postponed due to low registration.
  • I want to buy an air conditioner due to the hot weather.
  • I did not drink tea at the company due to the lack of hot water.

Thanks to [帮助/原因], S V … （多亏）

Thanks to：作介词，后面跟名词、名词短语

  • Thanks to your help, we finished early.
  • Thanks to modern technology, life is more convenient.
  • Thanks to the efforts of my leader, my work become much easier now.
  • Thanks to my continuous work, My life has basic security.

Owing to [原因], S V …（由于）

Owing to：作介词，后面跟名词、名词短语

  • Owing to a power cut, the lecture was delayed.
  • Owing to high demand, prices increased.
  • Owing to the rained, I can't go for a run.
  • Owing to the hot weather, I must buy an air conditioner.

6. 目的状语 (purpose) ​

常见结构：to, in order to, so as to, for, so that

S V to [动词原形] …（为了） ： 为了“做”什么，强调动作

  • He studied hard to pass the exam.
  • She saved money to buy a car.
  • I keep running to stay healthy.
  • I study hard to live a better life.

S V for [目的/名词].（为了） ：为了“谁/什么”，强调人/物体

  • He bought flowers for her.
  • He bought flowers for a gift.
  • They moved house for proximity to work.
  • He subscribed to a video service just for one movie.
  • I moved here for better sleep.
  • I am leaning about emotions for her.

S V in order to [动词原形] …（为了、以便）：更正式的to

  • She exercises daily in order to stay healthy.
  • He practices scales in order to improve technique.
  • I keep inner peace in order to have a better future.
  • I maintain inner peace in order to create a better future for myself.
  • She studies how to use Claude Code in order to code more easily.

S V so as to [动词原形] … （为了、以便）：更正式的to

  • They saved money so as to travel abroad next year.
  • She woke up early so as to catch the sunrise.
  • I saved money so as to live a better life in the future.
  • I woke up early so as to have my first cup of tea of the day.

so that（因此、以便）

  • He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.
  • It was very cold, so that the river froze.
  • I must get up early so that I can go to work on time.
  • I bring my MacBook to work every day so that I can have a better experience.

7. 条件状语 (condition) ​

常见结构：if, as long as，unless, on condition that, provided (that)

If [条件], S V …（如果、假如）

  • If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
  • If he studies hard, he will pass the exam.
  • If you work hard, you will get a better salary.
  • You will get a better salary if you work hard.
  • If it doesn't rain, I will go running.

as long as（如果、只要）：只要条件满足，结果就一定会发生。

  • You can stay here as long as you are quiet.
  • As long as we work hard, we will succeed.
  • This deal still applies, as long as you get back to us before Friday.
  • As long as I keep learning, I can achieve a score of 7.5 in the IELTS.
  • You will get a good result as long as you try your best.

S V provided that [条件]. （如果、只要）：和 if、as long as 意思相近，语气更正式、更庄重，经常用于商务合同、协议或非常认真的计划中

  • The offer stands provided that you respond by Friday.
  • She will join provided that the schedule fits.
  • Our contract will take effec provided that you fulfill your commitment.
  • I will take my mother hiking provided that the schedule fits.

Unless [条件], S V … （除非）

  • Unless you hurry, you’ll miss the bus.
  • Unless she apologizes, I won’t forgive her.
  • Unless your body is healthy, you need to go running weekly.
  • Unless it rains tomorrow, I will take my mother hiking.
  • I will take my mother hiking tomorrow unless it rains.

S V on condition that [条件]. （在…条件下）：比 if 或 as long as 的语气要强硬得多，常见于规定、协议或正式承诺中。

  • You can attend the party on condition that you finish your work.
  • He agreed to help on condition that he is paid.
  • You can attend the activity tomorrow on condition that you have time.
  • The courier will delivers home on condition that you buy the air conditioner in the TaoBao APP.

in case of [名词/名词短语]（以防）

in case of：后面跟 名词。意思是“以防（某种情况的发生）”。

in case：后面跟完整的 **句子 **。意思是“以防（某件事发生）”。

  • In case of fire, use the stairs.
  • In case of rians, I bring an umbrella every day.
  • I bring an umbrella every day in case of rains.
  • I place an umbrella on top of the washing machine in case of rain.
  • In case the washing machine on the balcony gets wet, I place an umbrella on top of it.

in spite of [名词/名词短语]（尽管）

  • In spite of the noise, she fell asleep.
  • In spite of the low salary, I still stay with my company.
  • In spite of not being tall, I have a lot of confidence.
  • In spite of not being tall, I am very confident.

三、复杂句：连接简单句 ​

结构：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句 ​

  • I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。
  • My sister not only sings well,but also dances well. 我妹妹不仅唱得好，而且跳舞也很好
  • I bought my sister a present,but she didn't like it. 我给我妹妹买了一份礼物，但她不喜欢。
  • Is it a girl or a boy? 是男孩还是女孩？
  • They were making a lot of noise,so the teacher got angry. 他们制造了很多噪音，所以老师生气了。
  • I want to buy a heater, and he wants to buys a cup.
  • My mother not only cooks well, but also works well.
  • My mother decorated my room, but I did not like it.
  • The Company can offer a promotion or a salary increase.
  • The room is too nosiy, so I am thinking of moving.

结构：分号（;）连接 ​

  • It was getting late; she must start back home. 天色已晚；她必须动身回家。
  • We fished all day; we didn't catch a thing. 我们钓了一整天的鱼；我们什么也没抓到。

四、从句 Clauses ​

  • 名词从句：整个从句在主句中扮演一个“名词”的角色，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
  • 定语从句：整个从句扮演一个“形容词”的角色，修饰前面的名词或代词（先行词）。
  • 状语从句：整个从句扮演一个“副词”的角色，修饰主句、动词，说明时间、原因、条件等。

注意：当一个从句作主语时，它被视为一个单数名词，因此，主句的谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式。

怎么使用定语从句和名词从句？

  • 想用一个句子 修饰 先行词就用定语从句
  • 想用一个句子 充当/代替 主句中的 主语/宾语/表语/同位语 时，就用名词性从句

1. 名词从句 (Noun Clauses) ​

核心功能：整个从句在主句中扮演一个“名词”的角色，可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

引导词: that ​

that 本身在从句中不担任任何成分，只起连接作用，引导一个陈述事实的句子。

作宾语从句 (最常见)：主语 + 及物动词 (think, believe, know...) + (that) + 完整陈述句

放在及物动词后面，回答“（动词）什么内容”的问题。that 在作宾语时通常可以省略。

  • I believe (that) honesty is the best policy.
  • She said (that) she would be late.
  • He hopes (that) he can pass the exam.

作主语从句：It + is/was + 形容词/名词 + that + 完整陈述句

that 从句是真正的主语，但因为太长了，通常放在句末，用 It 作形式主语。

  • It is true that he completed the marathon.
  • It is a pity that you missed the party.
  • It is obvious that she is not interested.

作表语从句：主语 (fact, problem...) + is/was + that + 完整陈述句

放在系动词 be 后面，用来解释说明主语的内容。

  • The problem is that we are running out of time.
  • The fact is that we have to make a decision now.
  • My suggestion is that we should start early.

作同位语从句：抽象名词 (fact, news, idea...) + that + 完整陈述句

用来具体解释说明前面那个抽象名词的内容。

  • The news that our team won the championship spread quickly.
  • The idea that we could fly was once considered impossible.
  • He holds the belief that everyone is created equal.
  • The fact that an incident occurred on the subway is unfortunate.

引导词: whether / if (是否) ​

这两个词在从句中不担任任何成分，引导一个表示“不确定”或“选择”的句子。从句内部使用陈述句语序。

作宾语从句：主语 + 及物动词 (ask, wonder, don't know...) + whether/if + 完整陈述句 放在表示“怀疑”、“想知道”等不确定含义的动词后面。

  • I'm not sure whether/if he will join the meeting.
  • I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
  • Can you tell me whether/if this train goes to London?
  • I don't know whether it will rain tomorrow.
  • I wonder whether dinner will taste good.

作主语从句：Whether + 完整陈述句 + 主句谓语动词...

注意: 只有 whether 可以引导主语从句，if 不可以。

  • Whether you succeed or not depends on your effort.
  • Whether we can get there on time is uncertain.
  • Whether he agrees makes no difference to me.
  • Whether it rains tomorrow or not, it will be a good Saturday.
  • Whether our company lays off staff makes no difference to me.

作表语从句：主语 + is/was + whether + 完整陈述句

  • The question is whether our company will lay off staff in the second half of the year.

  • My concern was whether it rained yesterday.

  • The question is whether we should start the project now.

  • The key point is whether we have enough budget.

  • My concern is whether the information is reliable.

引导词: what (什么 / ...的事物) ​

在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

what = the thing(s) that。本身就包含了一个名词的含义，意思是“……的事情”或“……的东西”。

作主语/表语/宾语从句：... what + (从句的剩余部分)

  • What she did made me depressed.

  • What he said was very inspiring. (主语从句, what作said的宾语)

  • Please tell me what you need. (宾语从句, what作need的宾语)

  • This is exactly what I was looking for. (表语从句, what作looking for的宾语)

引导词: who (谁) ​

在从句中作主语或宾语。

作主语/表语/宾语从句：... who + (从句的剩余部分)

  • Who will be our new leader is exciting.

  • The question of who will be our new leader is very exciting.

  • She brought me to visit the woman who was my new landlord.

  • Now, the question is who was quarreling downstairs.

  • I want to know who wrote this poem. (宾语从句, who作从句主语)

  • Who will be our new manager has not been announced yet. (主语从句, who作从句主语)

  • The question is who we should ask for help. (表语从句, who作ask for的宾语)

引导词: where (哪里) ​

在从句中作地点状语。

作主语/表语/宾语从句：... where + 完整陈述句

  • Please tell me where Walmart is.

  • Where we will have our data is still unknown.

  • Here is where the company dinner will take place.

  • There is the place where the company dinner is being held.

  • Could you tell me where the library is? (宾语从句)

  • Where we will have the meeting is still a secret. (主语从句)

  • This is where the accident happened. (表语从句)

引导词: when (何时) ​

在从句中作时间状语。

作主语/表语/宾语从句：... when + 完整陈述句

  • When it will rain depends on the Dragon King.

  • When it will rian is anyone's guess.

  • I don't know when it will rain.

  • I wander when the rain will start.

  • The uncertainty is when the rain will arrive.

  • Nobody knows when the guests will arrive. (宾语从句)

  • When the party will start depends on the host. (主语从句)

  • The problem is when we should set off. (表语从句)

引导词: how (如何) ​

在从句中作方式状语。

  • 当想表达“如何做某事”这个概念作为主语时，最常见、最正确的结构是 How to + 动词原形。

作主语/表语/宾语从句：... how + 完整陈述句

  • How to brew a pot of good tea is important to me.

  • I wonder how my mother cooks dinner.

  • The secret is how you handle failure.

  • How you handle failure is very important. (主语从句)

  • Can you teach me how you made this cake? (宾语从句)

  • The focus is how we can improve our efficiency. (表语从句)

引导词: why (为何) ​

在从句中作原因状语。

作主语/表语/宾语从句：... why + 完整陈述句

  • Why I feel depressed is a big problem.

  • That is why he was feeling depressed.

  • I don't understand why this place has a lot of rainy days.

  • I don't understand why it rains so much here.

  • That is why he was late for the meeting. (表语从句)

  • I don't understand why she refused the offer. (宾语从句)

  • Why he resigned remains a mystery. (主语从句)

2. 定语从句 (Adjective Clauses) ​

核心功能：整个从句扮演一个“形容词”的角色，修饰前面的名词或代词（先行词）。

怎么使用定语从句和名词从句？

  • 想用一个句子 修饰 先行词就用定语从句
  • 想用一个句子 充当/代替 主句中的 主语/宾语/表语/同位语 时，就用名词性从句

从句需要通过关系词引导，关系词（连词）又分：关系代词、关系副词。

  • 关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语等；
  • 关系副词在从句中作状语。

关系代词: who, which, that ​

who指人，which指物，that可指人或物。

作定语从句：先行词 + who/which/that + 动词...

关系代词在从句中充当主语。

  • The young man who is studying English hard wants to have a better life.

  • The pen which is on your right has not been used for a long time.

  • I like the lady that has a good figure.

  • The man who lives next door is a doctor.

  • The book that/which is on the table is mine.

  • I like movies which make me laugh.

作定语从句：先行词 + who(m)/which/that + 主语 + 动词...

关系代词在从句中充当宾语，此时关系代词常可省略。

  • This is the best novel (that) I have ever read.

  • The soup (that) I cooked in the morning was delicious.

  • The woman whom/who/that you met is my cousin.

  • This is the best movie (that/which) I have ever seen.

  • The cake (which/that) she made was delicious.

  • He often shares his harvest with people in our building, which I find really generous.

  • One of the kindest people (whom) I have ever met is my grandmother.

关系代词: whose ( ...的) ​

表示所属关系，在从句中作定语。

作定语从句：先行词 + whose + 名词 + ...

whose 在从句中修饰其后的名词。

  • I know the young man whose dream is to have a good life.

  • The is the store whose china is very famous.

  • I know a girl whose father is a famous actor.

  • He is an artist whose work is famous worldwide.

关系副词: where (在...的地方) ​

在从句中作地点状语，修饰表示地点的先行词。

作定语从句：先行词(地点) + where + 完整陈述句

  • This is the store where I bought a teacup.

  • The park where I run two or three times a week is nearby.

  • This is the house where I grew up.

  • I'm looking for a restaurant where they serve authentic Italian food.

  • This is the city where I spent my childhood.

关系副词: when (在...的时候) ​

在从句中作时间状语，修饰表示时间的先行词。

作定语从句：先行词(时间) + when + 完整陈述句

  • I go running in the park two or three times a week when it does not rain.

  • I am very happy today when my mother came here.

  • Today is a day when I feel very happy bacase my mother is here.

  • I will never forget the day when I graduated.

  • Summer is the season when we can go swimming.

  • 2008 was the year when the Olympics were held in Beijing.

关系副词: why ( ...的原因) ​

在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是 the reason。

作定语从句：the reason + why + 完整陈述句

  • I know the reason (why) he want to go to the park.

  • I don't know the reason why she always rejects me.

  • I don't know the reason why she has always rejected me.

  • I don't know the reason why he was so angry.

  • Please explain the reason why you were late.

  • Is there any reason why I shouldn't go?

3. 状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses) ​

核心功能：整个从句扮演一个“副词”的角色，修饰主句、动词，说明时间、原因、条件等。

时间状语从句 (when, while, as, before, after, since) ​

句型： 主句 + 引导词 + 从句

  • I was watching TV while my wife was reading.

句型：引导词 + 从句, 主句

  • When I got home, my dog ran to me.
  • After the rain stopped, we went out for a walk.

条件状语从句 (if, unless) ​

句型：引导词 + 从句, 主句

  • If you work hard, you will succeed.

句型：主句 + 引导词 + 从句

  • You will fail unless you work hard.
  • We will go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.

原因状语从句 (because, since, as) ​

句型：引导词 + 从句, 主句

  • As it was getting late, we decided to go home.
  • Since you are tired, you should have a rest.

句型：主句 + 引导词 + 从句

  • He was late because he missed the bus.

目的状语从句 (so that) ​

句型：主句 + so that + 从句 (常含情态动词)

  • He gets up early so that he can catch the first bus.
  • She spoke slowly so that everyone could understand.
  • I saved money so that I could buy a new car.

让步状语从句 (although, though, even if) ​

不能和 but 同用

句型：引导词 + 从句, 主句

  • Although he was exhausted, he kept on working.
  • Even if you don't like it, you have to finish it.

句型：主句 + 引导词 + 从句

  • They went for a walk though it was raining.

Develop Prompt ​

项目与代码库理解 ​

What does [this project / this file / this module] do?

  • What does this authentication module do?
  • What does the utils/helpers.ts file do?
  • What does the services/ directory do?

What technologies / dependencies does [this project / this part] use?

  • What technologies does this project use?
  • What dependencies does the backend service rely on?

Explain the structure / architecture of [the project / a folder].

  • Explain the folder structure.
  • Explain the folder structure of the src directory.
  • Explain the structure of the config folder.
  • Explain the architecture of this microservice.

How is [a specific feature] implemented in this project?

  • How is user authentication implemented in this project?
  • How is the caching mechanism implemented here?

日常开发与变更管理 ​

What files have I changed [since a certain point]?

  • What files have I changed?
  • What files have I changed since the last commit?
  • Show me all the changes I have made today.

Commit my changes with a descriptive message.

  • Commit my changes with the message "feat: add input validation to user registration".

Review my changes and suggest improvements.

  • Do a code review on my uncommitted changes.
  • Review my uncommitted changes and suggest improvements.
  • Review the changes in the auth module and suggest any security improvements.

代码生成与修改 ​

这是最强大的部分，用于直接让AI编写或修改代码。关键是要清晰、具体。

Add [a feature / logic] to [a specific location].

  • Add input validation to the user registration form.
  • Add error handling logic to the file upload function.
  • Add a new function to calculate the total price in the cart.js file.

Implement [a function / a hook / a component] to [achieve a goal].

  • Implement a React hook to manage form state.
  • Implement a function in calculator.js to calculate the factorial of a number.
  • Implement a Button component that supports primary and secondary styles.

Refactor [this code / this function] to [make it better / more efficient].

  • Refactor this function to make it more readable.
  • Refactor this code to use async/await instead of promises.

Convert [this code] from [language A] to [language B].

  • Convert this Python function to JavaScript.
  • Convert this configuration from YAML to JSON.
  • Convert this SQL query into a Mongoose schema.

调试与问题修复 ​

当遇到Bug时，用这些框架让AI帮你诊断和修复。

There's a bug where [describe the bug scenario]. Fix it.

  • There's a bug where users can submit empty forms - fix it.
  • There's a bug where the page crashes when the API returns null. Fix it.
  • There's a bug where the login button becomes unclickable after a failed attempt.

Why is [this error / unexpected behavior] happening?

  • Why am I getting a "Cannot read property 'map' of undefined" error?
  • Why is the login request timing out?
  • Why is this component not re-rendering when the state changes?

Suggest a few ways to fix [a specific code issue].

  • Suggest a few ways to fix the @ts-ignore in user.ts.
  • Suggest a few ways to resolve the ESLint warning about unused variables.
  • Suggest a few ways to optimize this slow database query.

测试与质量保证 ​

确保代码稳定性的关键。

Write unit tests for [a function / a component].

  • Write unit tests for the calculator functions.
  • Write unit tests for the UserProfile React component.
  • Write unit tests for the validateEmail utility function.

Generate test cases for [a specific feature / scenario].

  • Generate test cases for the user login feature, including invalid credentials.
  • Generate test cases for the password strength validator.
  • Generate test cases for the checkout process with an empty cart.

总结与文档 ​

帮助你和团队理解变更历史和代码功能。

Summarize the changes I've made to [a module / since a time].

  • Summarize the changes I've made to the authentication module.
  • Summarize all the changes I've made today.
  • Summarize the key differences between the current branch and main.

Generate documentation for [this API / this function].

  • Generate documentation for the createUser API endpoint.
  • Generate JSDoc comments for the filterData function in dataProcessor.ts.
  • Create a README for this npm package.